In very oversimplified terms, epistemic values are those that would satisfy a robotlike scientist who keeps demanding facts and figures, science, dammit. Remarks on samaneh oladi ghadikolaei, womens religious authority in shi. But epistemology cannot rest satisfied with a list of the virtues. View epistemic modality research papers on academia. Zagzebski proposes an epistemic analogue of razs preemption thesis, which states that the fact that an authority has a belief p is a preemptive reason for me to believe p 107. Jaggar in particular notes the problem of identifying the stand. We claim that both are subject to linguistic negotiation. Epistemic authority and its critics linda zagzebski university of oklahoma the purpose of epistemic authority1 is to defend the rationality of belief on authority from the modern assumption that the ultimate authority over the self is the self. He concentrates on topics that are central to contemporary epistemology and provides a muchneeded and useful map to these issues be explicitly. Epistemic authority and the gender lens lydia lewis, 2007. Believing on another persons authority is of epistemological interest. Though any logic with an epistemic interpretation may be called an epistemic logic, the most widespread type of epistemic logics in use at present are modal logics.
Standpoint epistemology without the standpoint an examination. Classically, the mathematical description of a game includes following components. A quest for justice, paper delivered at conference on grappling with the global ethic. Introduction assume that for many choices faced by a political community, some alter natives are better than others by standards that are in some way objective. Modal logic epistemic logic artificial intelligence.
I examine this question as it is raised within the. This book gives an extended argument for epistemic authority from the implications of reflective selfconsciousness. Two further conditions that combine with these cases are the. Rethinking epistemic communities twenty years later. Epistemic tools and epistemic agents in scientonomy. Christoph jager, epistemic authority, preemptive reasons, and. Oct 01, 2008 what is the epistemic authority epistemic problem according to these philosophers. Pdf moral authority, epistemic authority, and gender. Holliday university of california, berkeley abstract this chapter provides a brief introduction to propositional epistemic logic and its applications to epistemology.
Agency and firstperson authority by matthew thomas parrott a. Epistemic agent is defined as an agent capable of taking. A multidimensional analysis of the epistemic origins of. Harding is also trying to avoid other problems with feminist standpoint theories, problems that have been pointed out by theorists within the feminist community. Epistemic logic is a subfield of epistemology concerned with logical approaches to knowledge, belief and related notions. The concept of epistemic communities professional networks with authoritative and policyrelevant expertise is wellknown thanks to a 1992 special issue of international organization. The notion epistemic culture challenges the idea of the. Abstract sometimes it is epistemically beneficial to form a belief on authority. Pdf perceptions of epistemic authority by children and. Dynamic epistemic logic internet encyclopedia of philosophy. Who are the epistemic authority, what is the epistemological. They share a set of beliefs, which provide a valuebased foundation for the actions of members. The main empirical motivation comes from the fact that future morphemes have sys. It will generously reward a careful and thorough read.
Knowledge transmission is related to the epistemic aspect of authority, which is demonstrated by the structural element of authority source of knowledge or the. Zagzebski on epistemic authority zagzebskis project has two main components. Studies within the audiovisual prosody perspective have shown that gestural and prosodic patterns can act as conveyors of several. The relevance of credibility excess in a proportional view of. New york university new york, new york leora morgenstern ibm watson research center hawthorn, new york august 28, 1983 1 introduction it is to the advantage of a thinking creature to be aware of knowledge and thought and to be able to reason about them. This paper extends the scientonomic ontology to include epistemic agents and epistemic tools as well as their relationship to one another. In this book linda trinkaus zagzebski gives an extended argument that the selfreflective person is committed to belief on authority. Disagreement, questionbegging and epistemic selfcristicism. It is caring that gives rise to the demand to be epistemically conscientious. A theory of trust, authority, and autonomy in belief linda zagzebski oxford univerity press reprint 2015 296 pp. The concept of epistemic authority has been used to pursue the aim raviv, exploring epistemic authority is related to exploring the degree of trust in epistemic authority kruglanski et al.
They represent the gradual development of alstons thought in epistemology. Knowledge and belief are represented via the modal. The present study examines students perception of the teachers role as epistemic authorities, that is, a source of determinative influence on the formation of individuals knowledge, from three perspectives. Epistemic authority, preemptive reasons, and understanding. Zagzebski argues that the fact that an authority holds a belief, which we may call an authoritative reason, often gives a person a good reason to hold it himself. In this paper i argue that to understand the ethics of belief we need to put it in a context of what we care about. Perceptions of epistemic authority by children and adolescents article pdf available in journal of youth and adolescence 195. It says that, when an agent learns that an epistemic authority believes that p, the rational response for her is to adopt that belief and to replace all of her previous reasons relevant to whether p by the reason that the authority believes that p. An epistemic community in international relations ir is a network of professionals with recognized knowledge and skill in a particular issuearea.
She argues that epistemic and emotional selftrust are rational and inescapable, that consistent selftrust commits us to trust in others, and that among those we are committed to trusting are some whom we ought to treat as epistemic authorities, modeled. Simple knowledgebased derivations and correctness proofs for a family of protocols. One of the key tenets of linda zagzebskis book epistemic authority. People can perceive and evaluate nature cognitively and normatively only from their own human point of view.
Sometimes it is epistemically beneficial to form a belief on authority. First, it examines 7th and 10th graders perception of their teachers as epistemic authorities. In this paper, i address the issue of who is rationally. Studies within the audiovisual prosody perspective have shown that gestural. The results showed that a teachers subject matter, as well as students age and gender. In schools, teachers are expected to function as epistemic authorities, that is. One the focus of this paper is an account of the epistemically appropriate response to discovering that an epistemic authority holds certain beliefs. This paper defends a contextualist approach to epistemic injustice. What is the epistemic authorityepistemic problem according to these philosophers. Modal logic epistemic logic eric pacuit university of maryland, college park ai. Epistemic space science is the systematic investigation and explanation of the world around us. A game refers to any interactive situation involving a group of selfinterested agents, or players.
Epistemic value and the primacy of what we care about. In part i, he elucidates the concept of authority and its relation to autonomy, and then traces the historical growth of scientific authority and its place in contemporary american society. A founding publication is 42 we refer to 41 for an overview of epistemic logic and references. I strongly recommend it, especially to anyone who is interested in epistemic autonomy, epistemic authority, and the rational defensibility of faith and of believing on the authority of ones epistemic community. Pdf epistemic paternalism and the service conception of. I will argue that there is good reason not simply to merge it with information derived from. She argues that epistemic and emotional selftrust are rational and inescapable, that consistent selftrust commits us to trust in others, and that among those we are. Epistemic agency catherine z elgin harvard university, usa abstract virtue epistemologists hold that knowledge results from the display of epistemic virtues openmindedness, rigor, sensitivity to evidence, and the like.
The only subtype of epistemic agent currently recognized within scientonomy is community. Rather the method of care centers the epistemic discussion on cultivating and reinforcing attitudes that are regarded as positive in the wider epistemic community. Iii abstract how to regard the weight we give to a proposition on the grounds of its being endorsed by an authority. I will argue that the project of demystifying the link between epistemic authority and epistemic privilege should lead us to refocus our argument strategies. Heraclitus im not sure what he says the epistemic authority is. Epistemic justification collects twelve distinguished and influential essays in epistemology by william p. The notion epistemic culture challenges the idea of the epistemic unity of the sciences and suggests that the sciences are in fact differentiated into cultures of knowledge, which are characteristics of scientific fields or research areas, each reflecting a diverse array of practices and preferences coexisting under the blanket notion of science. The defining feature of a game is that the players are engaged in an interdependent decision problem schelling 1960. Epistemic space the progress of science is the work of. Hindu philosophy also includes several subschools of theistic philosophies that integrate ideas from two or more of the six orthodox philosophies, such as the realism of the nyaya, the naturalism of the vaise. Epistemic cultures are cultures of creating and warranting knowledge. She also formulates epistemic analogues for razs normal justification thesis in order to justify taking a belief on epistemic authority. It is immoral to either form a new belief without sufficient evidence, or to sustain an existing belief by deliberately ignoring, the ethics of belief 1877 william k. The starting point of dynamic epistemic logic del is therefore the logic of knowledge.
The epistemic authority of negotiated, multisource expertise. Epistemic authority is compatible with autonomy, but epistemic selfreliance is incoherent. An epistemic authority such as a rabbi may be perceived as having valid knowledge in all, or most, domains or heshe may be considered an expert only in a particular domain of knowledge, as would be the case with a biology teacher. The place of both individuals and epistemic tools in the scientonomic ontology is yet to be clarified. On the emergence of the epistemic use of must1 abstract this corpusbased study of the emergence of epistemic must in english aims to reassess sweetsers 1990 account of the conceptual and historical links between root and epistemic meanings and defends an. Members of an epistemic community also share causal beliefs, which result from their analysis of practices that contribute to set of problems in their.
In part ii, he analyzes how scientific authority plays out in relation to other social domains. According to the standard view, the beliefs of epistemic authorities are. Uncertainties are categorized as aleatory if the modeler does not foresee the possibility of reducing them. Xenophanes i think he says the epistemic authority is 1 god and the epistemic problem is bridging the gap between human opinion and divine knowledge. Article information, pdf download for epistemic authority and the gender lens. Epistemic values always arise from something we care about and they arise only from something we care about. One of the key tenets of linda zagzebskis book epistemic authority is the preemption thesis. In a similar direction, one may wonder whether the possession conditions of the concept. Jul 19, 2017 a normative account of belief on authority will show how the agent believing on authority can secure certain epistemic goods as a result. Epistemic logic stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. A positive conception can work towards reducing injustices. A key feature of epistemic logic is that the information state of several agents can be represented by a. Over the past twenty years, the idea has gained some traction in international relations scholarship, but has not evolved much beyond its original conceptualisation. Pdf what does it mean to trust in epistemic authority.
By deference, i mean the epistemic privileges that some people receive or earn through demonstrating their erudition or looking like they know what theyre. Pdf dimensions of epistemic authority of university professors. The reason morality puts epistemic demands on us is that we care about morality. Philosophy of or relating to knowledge or epistemology 2.
On the emergence of the epistemic use of must1 abstract this corpusbased study of the emergence of epistemic must in english aims to reassess sweetsers 1990 account of the conceptual and historical links between root and epistemic meanings and defends an alternative view of the category of epistemic qualification. Issues of epistemic authority and injustice in the social justice classroom. Epistemic authority is rich, wideranging, and provocative. L ike with her celebrated virtues of the mind, linda zagzebski again examines the application of concepts familiar in a different normative domain.
Pdf one of the key tenets of linda zagzebskis book epistemic authority. Epistemic culture an overview sciencedirect topics. Previous work has focused on cases in which the truthvalues. What the heck are epistemic and nonepistemic values. For example, suppose that progressive income tax rates armore just than a flat rate, even after considering effects on efficiency. A normative account of belief on authority will show how the agent believing on authority can secure certain epistemic goods as a result. Linda zagzebskis essay, recovering understanding, is an example of the way a virtue epistemologist evaluates and analyses an. Attributing a thought to oneself epistemic authority. It is argued that the epistemic status of a speaker.
Enriching learning activities with epistemic practices. In order to organize their work and its results, scientists have divided science into major. What is wanted is a criterion for being an epistemic. In part ii, he analyzes how scientific authority plays out in relation to other social domains, such as law, religion, government, and the public sphere. Alston taken from a body of work spanning almost two decades. Epistemic privilege considered following up on my claim in the last post that honor produces error, in my view, the problem is epistemic privilege, i. Epistemological topics discussed include mooreparadoxical phenomena, the surprise exam paradox, logical omniscience and epistemic clo. Epistemic paternalism is the thesis that in some circumstances we are justified in interfering with the inquiry of another for their own epistemic good without consulting them on the issue.
Epistemic decision theory hilary greaves faculty of philosophy, university of oxford hilary. Feb 09, 2014 these terms are used in the philosophy of science, among other places. I will then turn to a suggestion for future directions for feminist standpoint theories. Epistemic authority hardcover linda trinkaus zagzebski. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Epistemic definition of epistemic by the free dictionary. Pdf two studies assessed the perception of epistemic authority denoting a source of information which has a determinative influence on the. It has been wondered, for instance, if the epistemic authority mentioned at the beginning is the result of a special, introspective access to our own thoughts. Epistemic community international relations wikipedia. Two further conditions that combine with these cases are the agents. Uncertainties are characterized as epistemic, if the modeler sees a possibility to reduce them by gathering more data or by refining models. As fricker shows, assignments of epistemic authority and credibility. Epistemic logical topics discussed include the language and semantics of basic epistemic logic, multiagent epistemic logic, combined epistemic doxastic logic, and a glimpse of dynamic epistemic logic.